Category Archives: Process


Jan24
Top ENIG PCB Issues: Black Pad and Phosphorus-Rich Layers Explained with Prevention Tips

post on January 24, 2025

With the rapid adoption of smartphones, the trend toward miniaturized electronic products, and the EU’s requirements for lead-free manufacturing, Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) surface treatment PCB has become a popular choice for many electronic products. This is largely due … Continue reading →

EDX/EDS/SEM/IMC/FTIR, PCB/FPC/PTF, Process, Quality, Reliability, SMT, Soldering     WorkingBear    Views (8,864)     comment (0)
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Jan09
Why Do Electronic Component Leads Turn Yellow, Purple, or Blue After Reflow? Causes and Solutions

post on January 9, 2025

Workingbear recently received questions from readers about electronic component soldering leads turning yellow or showing discoloration (purple, blue, etc.) after going through the reflow oven. Why do the leads of components discolor after reflow? Does this discoloration affect product functionality? … Continue reading →

Process, Quality, SMT, Soldering     WorkingBear    Views (8,224)     comment (0)
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Nov07
The Benefits of Using “Mirrored Panelization” for PCBs

post on November 7, 2024

In the electronics assembly manufacturing industry, what we commonly refer to as a “Mirrored Panel Board” or “Flipped Panel Board” actually comes in two types. The first type is a different-side mirrored panel board, where one board’s top side and … Continue reading →

PCB/FPC/PTF, Process, SMT     WorkingBear    Views (2,721)     comment (0)

Oct31
The Limitations of Using “Mirrored Panels” or “Flipped Panels” in SMT

post on October 31, 2024

We all know that when producing PCBs and PCBAs, multiple individual PCBs are usually combined into one larger panel, a process called panelization, to improve production efficiency. Typically, these individual boards are arranged in a neat and consistent manner with … Continue reading →

PCB/FPC/PTF, Process, SMT     WorkingBear    Views (3,617)     comment (0)

Oct03
What Causes Wave-Like Wrinkles or Cracks in Solder Joints After Reflow?

post on October 3, 2024

These soldering wrinkles appeared quite a while ago, but Workingbear recently came across a similar situation on an online forum. Thinking others might encounter the same issue, I decided to document it for both personal reference and to share with … Continue reading →

Process, Quality, SMT, Soldering     WorkingBear    Views (5,026)     comment (0)
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