Mar05
What are ICT(In-Circuit Test) and MDA(Manufacturing Defect Analyzer) in Electronics Manufacturing? Any Benefits?

What are ICT (In-Circuit Test) and MDA(Manufacturing Defects Analyzer) in Electronics Manufacturing? Any Benefits to Implementing Them?

Do you know what ICT (In-Circuit Test) is? Please note that we are not talking about Information and Communication Technology (ICT) here. And what about MDA (Manufacturing Defect Analyzer)? If these tests are commonly implemented in PCB assembly manufacturing, what are their pros and cons? How do they differ from ATE (Automated Test Equipment)?

ICT is primarily used for the electrical testing of Printed Circuit Board Assemblies (PCBA). Think of it as an advanced “multimeter” or an LCR meter. It allows us to test the electrical characteristics and check for open/short circuits of all components on the circuit board without removing them.

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Feb27
What is Graping Solder Defect in SMT Assembly? How to Fix it?

What is Graping Solder Defect in SMT Assembly? How to Fix it?

In the reflow soldering process of Surface Mount Technology (SMT) in electronic assembly, the occurrence of “Graping” solder defect refers to the situation where the solder paste does not completely melt and joint together during reflow. Instead, individual solder powders gather and stack together, resembling a cluster of grapes.

So, how does this “Graping” solder defect happen? Solder paste is essentially a mixture of tiny solder powders combined with flux. When the flux in the solder paste evaporates, it leaves behind individual solder powders.

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Feb20
What is IMC (Intermetallic Compound)? How does IMC relate to PCB solder joint strength? Are there IPC standards for IMC thickness?

What is IMC (Intermetallic Compound)? How does IMC relate to PCB solder joint strength? Are there IPC standards for IMC thickness?

In the assembly and soldering process of printed circuit boards (PCBs), we often hear engineers or lab reports mentioning the term “IMC.” But what exactly is IMC? What role does IMC play in the PCB assembly (PCBA) soldering process? Does it impact solder joint strength? People often comment on IMC being too thin or too thick, so what is a reasonable thickness for IMC?

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Feb15
NWO (Non-Wet-Open) Defect in BGA Soldering: Causes and Possible Solutions

NWO (Non-Wet-Open) Defect in BGA Soldering: Causes and Possible Solutions

Recently, many have inquired about how to deal with Non-Wet-Open (NWO) issues when encountering BGA packaged ICs soldering. The defects associated with NWO are quite similar to those of HIP (Head-in-Pillow) and typically occur at the edges and corners of BGA packaged ICs. The root cause often lies in the substrate or PCB of the BGA, where the board material may deform due to the high temperatures during the reflow process.

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Feb06
Purpose of Using Lead-Free Low-Temperature Solder (LTS) SnBi, SnBiAg in Soldering

Purpose of Using Lead-Free Low-Temperature Solder SnBi, SnBiAg in Soldering. Tin-Bismuth alloy solder paste

The alloy composition of lead-free LTS (Low Temperature Solder) usually includes the metal “bismuth (Bi)” in addition to tin (Sn) to lower its eutectic point.

The commonly used lead-free solder SAC305 has a melting point of 217°C, while Sn64Bi35Ag1 has a melting point of only 178°C, and Sn42Bi58 has an even lower melting point of 138°C. This means that the melting temperature of solder containing “bismuth (Bi)” is significantly lower, ranging from 39°C to 79°C lower than SAC305 lead-free solder.

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